https://www.reversible.co.nz/about-us daily 1.0 2019-03-14 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac584db266c073bb30175ba/t/5ac7cf8c88251b5523a115d7/1523044239831/NZ3.jpg About Us https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac584db266c073bb30175ba/t/5ac7cf2303ce648cd688b70b/1523044135205/NZ2.jpg About Us https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac584db266c073bb30175ba/t/5ac7d36e8a922da5caa4008d/1523045249745/tobias-keller-99134-unsplash.jpg About Us https://www.reversible.co.nz/reversible-blog daily 0.75 2020-05-04 https://www.reversible.co.nz/reversible-blog/2018/11/27/we-have-a-duty-to-act-hundreds-ready-to-go-to-jail-over-climate-crisis monthly 0.5 2018-12-12 https://www.reversible.co.nz/reversible-blog/2018/12/11/the-link-between-dairy-farming-and-crohns-disease-in-nz monthly 0.5 2018-12-12 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac584db266c073bb30175ba/t/5c105a0c8a922def36daa60a/1544575520390/reversible+photo.png Reversible blog - The link between dairy farming and Crohn’s disease in NZ Well sampling sites and inferred shallow groundwater flow directions for each of the five Canterbury Plains aquifers. Source https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac584db266c073bb30175ba/t/5c105b2921c67c7350b3ca5b/1544575802949/Contamination+of+food+products.png Reversible blog - The link between dairy farming and Crohn’s disease in NZ Studies concerned with the detection of MAP from dairy products on retail sale included in the systematic review. Source https://www.reversible.co.nz/reversible-blog/2018/12/11/jason-hickel-degrowth-a-call-for-radical-abundance monthly 0.5 2018-12-12 https://www.reversible.co.nz/reversible-blog/2018/12/11/soy-destruction-in-argentina-leads-straight-to-our-dinner-plates monthly 0.5 2018-12-12 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac584db266c073bb30175ba/t/5c105ee78a922d22d9a209b3/1544576770261/Deforestation.png Reversible blog - Soy destruction in Argentina leads straight to our dinner plates Guardian graphic. Source: Global Forest Watch https://www.reversible.co.nz/reversible-blog/2018/12/11/ethiopia-chooses-a-sustainable-path-to-prosperity monthly 0.5 2018-12-12 https://www.reversible.co.nz/reversible-blog/2018/12/11/not-so-renewables monthly 0.5 2018-12-12 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac584db266c073bb30175ba/t/5c1066a12b6a281e3767adeb/1544578742863/Standard+consumption+recycling.png Reversible blog - Not so renewables Source https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac584db266c073bb30175ba/t/5c10662340ec9a0c2541a065/1544578610692/Standard+consumption.png Reversible blog - Not so renewables Source https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac584db266c073bb30175ba/t/5c10675e8a922d22d9a27719/1544578925236/Initial+raw+materials.png Reversible blog - Not so renewables Source https://www.reversible.co.nz/reversible-blog/2018/12/11/a-crafty-idea-no-meat monthly 0.5 2018-12-12 https://www.reversible.co.nz/reversible-blog/2018/12/12/humanity-has-wiped-out-60-of-animal-populations-since-1970-report-finds monthly 0.5 2018-12-12 https://www.reversible.co.nz/reversible-blog/2018/12/12/poisoning-for-profit-why-greenpeace-wants-to-get-rid-of-synthetic-nitrogen monthly 0.5 2018-12-12 https://www.reversible.co.nz/reversible-blog/2018/12/12/top-academics-call-on-government-to-take-climate-action monthly 0.5 2018-12-13 https://www.reversible.co.nz/reversible-blog/2018/12/12/critical-shortage-of-good-data-on-use-of-precious-water-resource monthly 0.5 2018-12-13 https://www.reversible.co.nz/reversible-blog/2018/12/12/the-battle-for-the-future-of-farming-what-you-need-to-know monthly 0.5 2018-12-13 https://www.reversible.co.nz/reversible-blog/2018/12/12/why-you-should-give-a-damn-about-feedlots monthly 0.5 2018-12-13 https://www.reversible.co.nz/reversible-blog/2018/12/17/dairy-farm-nitrates-in-canterbury-rivers-endangers-health-fish-and-game monthly 0.5 2018-12-17 https://www.reversible.co.nz/reversible-blog/2018/12/17/fish-amp-game-urges-no-more-cows-on-canterbury-plains monthly 0.5 2018-12-17 https://www.reversible.co.nz/reversible-blog/2018/12/17/sucking-carbon-from-air-swiss-firm-wins-new-funds-for-climate-fix monthly 0.5 2018-12-17 https://www.reversible.co.nz/reversible-blog/2018/12/17/ecologist-issues-dire-warning-about-nzs-freshwater monthly 0.5 2018-12-18 https://www.reversible.co.nz/reversible-blog/2018/12/17/nations-must-triple-efforts-to-reach-2c-target-concludes-annual-review-of-global-emissions-climate-action monthly 0.5 2018-12-18 https://www.reversible.co.nz/reversible-blog/2018/12/17/reduction-in-farming-intensity-a-single-solution-to-multiple-problems monthly 0.5 2018-12-18 https://www.reversible.co.nz/reversible-blog/2018/12/17/scale-is-vital-for-impact-investment-big-deals-attract-big-investors monthly 0.5 2018-12-18 https://www.reversible.co.nz/reversible-blog/2018/12/17/how-would-a-vegan-shift-help-world-hunger-amp-decrease-food-waste monthly 0.5 2018-12-18 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac584db266c073bb30175ba/t/5c1844ea575d1f8c0de56246/1545094405688/ Reversible blog - How would a vegan shift help world hunger & decrease food waste? Source: University of Edinburgh research as explained by Food Navigator, "Consumer waste and livestock biggest inefficiencies in food production: Study," February 2017 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac584db266c073bb30175ba/t/5c184546758d469faeea2d7a/1545094483175/ Reversible blog - How would a vegan shift help world hunger & decrease food waste? https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac584db266c073bb30175ba/t/5c18439b0e2e72210f60390b/1545094066878/Alexander_2017_AgSystems-KindsOfWasteGlobalLosses-Fig1.png Reversible blog - How would a vegan shift help world hunger & decrease food waste? Losses of harvested crops at different stages of the global food system. Data source: Figure 4 of Alexander et al., 2017, Agricultural Systems; DOI: 10.1016/j.agsy.2017.01.014. Graph source: Union of Concerned Scientists 11/2017 blog post. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac584db266c073bb30175ba/t/5c1845c9cd83661fd832be94/1545094621139/Primary+diets.png Reversible blog - How would a vegan shift help world hunger & decrease food waste? Source: As of 1999, it was estimated that "4 billion people live primarily on a plant-based diet", and that "shortage of cropland, freshwater, and energy resources requires that most of the 4 billion people live primarily on a plant-based diet". David Pimentel, Marcia H. Pimentel, Food, Energy, and Society, CRC Press, 2007, p. 67. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac584db266c073bb30175ba/t/5c184345cd83661fd832953f/1545093978434/Protein%2Bgains%2Band%2Blosses.png Reversible blog - How would a vegan shift help world hunger & decrease food waste? Source: https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2018/10/16/switching-to-plant-based-protein-could-increase-americas-food-supply-by-a-third https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac584db266c073bb30175ba/t/5c1844840e2e72210f604931/1545094299438/ Reversible blog - How would a vegan shift help world hunger & decrease food waste? 1.08 billion tonnes vs. 240 million tonnes. Source: University of Edinburgh, February 2017 https://www.reversible.co.nz/reversible-blog/2018/12/17/un-climate-conference-agreement-mixed-reactions monthly 0.5 2018-12-18 https://www.reversible.co.nz/reversible-blog/2019/1/14/banning-new-zealands-hidden-climate-killer-synthetic-nitrogen-fertiliser monthly 0.5 2019-01-15 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac584db266c073bb30175ba/t/5c3d34b9562fa71d04c599af/1547515098501/nitrogen+levels.png Reversible blog - Banning New Zealand's hidden climate killer - synthetic nitrogen fertiliser TON H. SNELDER, SCOTT T. LARNED & RICH W. MCDOWELL (2017): ANTHROPOGENIC INCREASES OF CATCHMENT NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS LOADS IN NEW ZEALAND, NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH. Source https://www.reversible.co.nz/reversible-blog/2019/1/14/we-are-in-trouble-global-carbon-emissions-reached-a-record-high-in-2018 monthly 0.5 2019-01-15 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac584db266c073bb30175ba/t/5c3d36f5f950b7c5720ee2d2/1547515655210/ Reversible blog - ‘We are in trouble.’ Global carbon emissions reached a record high in 2018. Source https://www.reversible.co.nz/reversible-blog/2019/1/14/us-water-scientist-shocked-by-nzs-poor-water-quality monthly 0.5 2019-04-08 https://www.reversible.co.nz/reversible-blog/2019/1/14/what-canterburys-water-bottling-case-tells-us monthly 0.5 2019-01-15 https://www.reversible.co.nz/reversible-blog/2019/1/14/regulating-farm-runoff-expert-reaction monthly 0.5 2019-01-15 https://www.reversible.co.nz/reversible-blog/2019/1/14/a-new-study-about-the-worlds-worst-mass-extinction-should-make-you-very-nervous-for-our-future monthly 0.5 2019-01-15 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac584db266c073bb30175ba/t/5c3d3e02b8a045117f0266c4/1547517458477/marine+animals.png Reversible blog - A New Study About the World’s Worst Mass Extinction Should Make You Very Nervous for Our Future “The percentage of marine animals that went extinct at the end of the Permian era by latitude, from the model (black line) and from the fossil record (blue dots). University of Washington https://www.reversible.co.nz/reversible-blog/2019/1/14/the-productivity-of-vegan-organic-farming-measuring-small-scale-vegan-organic-farming-against-large-scale-conventional-and-organic-practices monthly 0.5 2019-01-15 https://www.reversible.co.nz/reversible-blog/2019/1/14/armed-with-information-consumers-do-make-better-choices-for-the-planet monthly 0.5 2019-01-15 https://www.reversible.co.nz/reversible-blog/2019/1/14/extinction-rates-could-be-10-times-worse-than-we-thought monthly 0.5 2019-01-15 https://www.reversible.co.nz/reversible-blog/2019/1/14/eating-less-meat-is-the-best-thing-you-can-do-for-the-planet-in-2019 monthly 0.5 2019-02-12 https://www.reversible.co.nz/reversible-blog/2019/1/14/water-pollution-now-publics-top-concern monthly 0.5 2019-01-15 https://www.reversible.co.nz/reversible-blog/2019/1/14/global-food-system-is-broken-say-worlds-science-academies monthly 0.5 2019-01-15 https://www.reversible.co.nz/reversible-blog/2019/1/14/2018-was-a-milestone-year-for-climate-science-if-not-politics monthly 0.5 2019-01-15 https://www.reversible.co.nz/reversible-blog/2019/1/14/degrowth-a-call-for-radical-abundance monthly 0.5 2019-01-15 https://www.reversible.co.nz/reversible-blog/2019/1/14/a-regenerative-food-system-is-both-a-means-and-an-end monthly 0.5 2019-01-15 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac584db266c073bb30175ba/t/5c3d45cb2b6a285d254c4472/1547519456737/production+supply+and+food+need.png Reversible blog - A Regenerative Food System is Both a Means and an End Source https://www.reversible.co.nz/reversible-blog/2019/1/14/momentum-is-growing-reasons-to-be-hopeful-about-the-environment-in-2019 monthly 0.5 2019-01-15 https://www.reversible.co.nz/reversible-blog/2019/1/14/climate-scientists-dire-warnings-if-new-zealand-and-world-fail-to-halt-global-warming monthly 0.5 2019-01-15 https://www.reversible.co.nz/reversible-blog/2019/1/14/analysis-the-climate-papers-most-featured-in-the-media-in-2018 monthly 0.5 2019-01-15 https://www.reversible.co.nz/reversible-blog/2019/1/14/e-coli-closes-popular-taranaki-swimming-holes monthly 0.5 2019-01-15 https://www.reversible.co.nz/reversible-blog/2019/1/14/liebreich-two-business-cycles-to-prepare-for-a-low-carbon-world monthly 0.5 2019-01-15 https://www.reversible.co.nz/reversible-blog/2019/1/14/there-will-be-an-increase-in-deforestation-brazils-new-president-signs-order-endangering-amazon-and-indigenous-rights monthly 0.5 2019-01-15 https://www.reversible.co.nz/reversible-blog/2019/1/14/the-storm-moved-on-but-north-carolinas-hog-waste-didnt monthly 0.5 2019-01-15 https://www.reversible.co.nz/reversible-blog/2019/1/14/how-thinking-small-is-yielding-big-results-for-market-gardeners monthly 0.5 2019-01-15 https://www.reversible.co.nz/reversible-blog/2019/1/14/were-humus-sapiens-the-farmers-who-shun-animal-manure monthly 0.5 2019-01-15 https://www.reversible.co.nz/reversible-blog/2019/2/11/ocean-warming-is-accelerating-faster-than-thought-new-research-finds monthly 0.5 2019-02-12 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac584db266c073bb30175ba/t/5c6216ba41920237ef0023fb/1549932225332/Ocean_Warming_Is_Accelerating_Faster_Than_Thought__New_Research_Finds_-_The_New_York_Times.png Reversible blog - Ocean Warming Is Accelerating Faster Than Thought, New Research Finds Note: Shallower ocean warming describes depths between 0 and 700 meters. Deeper ocean warming is between 700 and 2,000 meters. By The New York Times | Source: Lijing Cheng et al., Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Beijing https://www.reversible.co.nz/reversible-blog/2019/2/11/waitrose-adds-14-brand-new-plant-based-products-to-its-vegan-range monthly 0.5 2019-02-12 https://www.reversible.co.nz/reversible-blog/2019/2/11/climate-change-emergency-time-to-slam-on-the-brakes monthly 0.5 2019-02-12 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac584db266c073bb30175ba/t/5c621b8e7817f7f5678474ea/1549933461803/emissions_2_-_Infogram.png Reversible blog - Climate change emergency: Time to slam on the brakes Source: Infogram https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac584db266c073bb30175ba/t/5c621c36ec212dd536da8b81/1549933632834/co2_flights_-_Infogram.png Reversible blog - Climate change emergency: Time to slam on the brakes Source: Infogram https://www.reversible.co.nz/reversible-blog/2019/2/11/rachel-stewart-fry-me-a-river-climate-denialists monthly 0.5 2019-02-12 https://www.reversible.co.nz/reversible-blog/2019/2/13/researchers-developed-a-technique-to-turn-nearly-a-quarter-of-our-plastic-waste-into-fuel monthly 0.5 2019-02-13 https://www.reversible.co.nz/reversible-blog/2019/2/13/2018-was-worlds-fourth-hottest-year-on-record-scientists-confirm monthly 0.5 2019-02-13 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac584db266c073bb30175ba/t/5c64a525e2c48312d4f0dcb4/1550099754539/2018_was_world_s_fourth_hottest_year_on_record__scientists_confirm___Environment___The_Guardian.png Reversible blog - 2018 was world's fourth hottest year on record, scientists confirm Source https://www.reversible.co.nz/reversible-blog/2019/2/13/regenerative-farming-enhances-finances-the-environment-and-farmer-mental-health monthly 0.5 2019-02-13 https://www.reversible.co.nz/reversible-blog/2019/2/13/world-to-miss-2020-climate-turning-point-analysis-read-more-at-httpswwwchannelnewsasiacomnewsworldworld-to-miss-2020-climate-turning-point-analysis-11150720 monthly 0.5 2019-02-14 https://www.reversible.co.nz/reversible-blog/2019/2/13/eating-meat-has-dire-consequences-for-the-planet-says-report monthly 0.5 2019-02-14 https://www.reversible.co.nz/reversible-blog/2019/2/13/summary-report-the-eat-lancet-commission-on-food-planet-health monthly 0.5 2019-02-14 https://www.reversible.co.nz/reversible-blog/2019/2/14/climate-action-barometer-12-charts-explain-where-we-are-today-and-where-we-need-to-be-in-2020-1 monthly 0.5 2019-02-14 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac584db266c073bb30175ba/t/5c65e38ee5e5f04b1ae43552/1550181267467/Climate_Action_Barometer__12_Charts_Explain_Where_We_Are_Today__and_Where_We_Need_to_Be_in_2020___World_Resources_Institute.png Reversible blog - Climate Action Barometer: 12 Charts Explain Where We Are Today, and Where We Need to Be in 2020 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac584db266c073bb30175ba/t/5c65e14f4785d3ec59312f63/1550180697287/Climate_Action_Barometer__12_Charts_Explain_Where_We_Are_Today__and_Where_We_Need_to_Be_in_2020___World_Resources_Institute.png Reversible blog - Climate Action Barometer: 12 Charts Explain Where We Are Today, and Where We Need to Be in 2020 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac584db266c073bb30175ba/t/5c65e455971a1868ec7c7bb3/1550181467461/Climate_Action_Barometer__12_Charts_Explain_Where_We_Are_Today__and_Where_We_Need_to_Be_in_2020___World_Resources_Institute.png Reversible blog - Climate Action Barometer: 12 Charts Explain Where We Are Today, and Where We Need to Be in 2020 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac584db266c073bb30175ba/t/5c65e3e9e2c483e9a7a3d23d/1550181362606/Climate_Action_Barometer__12_Charts_Explain_Where_We_Are_Today__and_Where_We_Need_to_Be_in_2020___World_Resources_Institute.png Reversible blog - Climate Action Barometer: 12 Charts Explain Where We Are Today, and Where We Need to Be in 2020 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac584db266c073bb30175ba/t/5c65e1e36e9a7f65a2374e2a/1550180842402/Climate_Action_Barometer__12_Charts_Explain_Where_We_Are_Today__and_Where_We_Need_to_Be_in_2020___World_Resources_Institute.png Reversible blog - Climate Action Barometer: 12 Charts Explain Where We Are Today, and Where We Need to Be in 2020 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac584db266c073bb30175ba/t/5c65e48ce4966bbee7e9bf4c/1550181528606/Climate_Action_Barometer__12_Charts_Explain_Where_We_Are_Today__and_Where_We_Need_to_Be_in_2020___World_Resources_Institute.png Reversible blog - Climate Action Barometer: 12 Charts Explain Where We Are Today, and Where We Need to Be in 2020 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac584db266c073bb30175ba/t/5c65e1a6b208fce86c5bf54a/1550180780571/Climate_Action_Barometer__12_Charts_Explain_Where_We_Are_Today__and_Where_We_Need_to_Be_in_2020___World_Resources_Institute.png Reversible blog - Climate Action Barometer: 12 Charts Explain Where We Are Today, and Where We Need to Be in 2020 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac584db266c073bb30175ba/t/5c65e2959b747a2bfdbb21ac/1550181022244/Climate_Action_Barometer__12_Charts_Explain_Where_We_Are_Today__and_Where_We_Need_to_Be_in_2020___World_Resources_Institute.png Reversible blog - Climate Action Barometer: 12 Charts Explain Where We Are Today, and Where We Need to Be in 2020 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac584db266c073bb30175ba/t/5c65e0f0eb39313554bed192/1550180610790/Energy+milestone Reversible blog - Climate Action Barometer: 12 Charts Explain Where We Are Today, and Where We Need to Be in 2020 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac584db266c073bb30175ba/t/5c65e2204e17b64a5b3005f5/1550180904555/Climate_Action_Barometer__12_Charts_Explain_Where_We_Are_Today__and_Where_We_Need_to_Be_in_2020___World_Resources_Institute.png Reversible blog - Climate Action Barometer: 12 Charts Explain Where We Are Today, and Where We Need to Be in 2020 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac584db266c073bb30175ba/t/5c65e35c9140b7e6a701adf1/1550181220709/Climate_Action_Barometer__12_Charts_Explain_Where_We_Are_Today__and_Where_We_Need_to_Be_in_2020___World_Resources_Institute.png Reversible blog - Climate Action Barometer: 12 Charts Explain Where We Are Today, and Where We Need to Be in 2020 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac584db266c073bb30175ba/t/5c65e41e53450a49bf1b8172/1550181411885/Climate_Action_Barometer__12_Charts_Explain_Where_We_Are_Today__and_Where_We_Need_to_Be_in_2020___World_Resources_Institute.png Reversible blog - Climate Action Barometer: 12 Charts Explain Where We Are Today, and Where We Need to Be in 2020 https://www.reversible.co.nz/reversible-blog/2019/3/17/soil-scientist-too-much-fertiliser-behind-pollution-crisis monthly 0.5 2019-03-18 https://www.reversible.co.nz/reversible-blog/2019/3/17/climate-change-will-melt-vast-parts-of-the-himalayas-study-says monthly 0.5 2019-03-18 https://www.reversible.co.nz/reversible-blog/2019/3/17/business-as-usual-wont-convince-millennials-to-consume-dairy monthly 0.5 2019-03-18 https://www.reversible.co.nz/reversible-blog/2019/3/17/it-is-absolutely-time-to-panic-about-climate-change monthly 0.5 2019-03-18 https://www.reversible.co.nz/reversible-blog/2019/3/17/focusing-on-how-individuals-can-stop-climate-change-is-very-convenient-for-corporations monthly 0.5 2019-03-18 https://www.reversible.co.nz/reversible-blog/2019/4/7/meat-tax-could-prevent-220000-deaths-says-health-experts monthly 0.5 2019-04-08 https://www.reversible.co.nz/reversible-blog/2019/4/7/we-should-discuss-soil-as-much-as-we-talk-about-coal monthly 0.5 2019-04-08 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac584db266c073bb30175ba/t/5caa9138f9619a86627dc7b5/1554682176024/We_should_discuss_soil_as_much_as_we_talk_about_coal___Bill_Gates.png Reversible blog - We should discuss soil as much as we talk about coal Source https://www.reversible.co.nz/reversible-blog/2019/4/7/strong-on-a-vegan-diet-smashing-protein-myths monthly 0.5 2019-04-08 https://www.reversible.co.nz/reversible-blog/2019/4/7/the-claim-farmers-are-becoming-an-atm-for-beneficiaries-is-nasty-and-not-true monthly 0.5 2019-04-08 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac584db266c073bb30175ba/t/5caa93cc104c7bdabb1a3581/1554682837650/The_claim_farmers_are_becoming_an_ATM_for_beneficiaries_is_nasty_and_not_true___The_Spinoff.png Reversible blog - The claim farmers are becoming an ATM for beneficiaries is nasty and not true https://www.reversible.co.nz/reversible-blog/2019/4/7/legumes-are-protein-sustainability-superheroes monthly 0.5 2019-04-08 https://www.reversible.co.nz/reversible-blog/2019/4/7/the-broiler-chicken-as-a-signal-of-a-human-reconfigured-biosphere monthly 0.5 2019-04-08 https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac584db266c073bb30175ba/t/5caa987d4785d3baf212b77e/1554684034097/rsos180325f03.jpg Reversible blog - The broiler chicken as a signal of a human reconfigured biosphere Figure 3. Box and whisker plot of domestic chicken bone size through time. Measurements are of the width of the tibia (greatest distal breadth, Bd, in mm), N = 522. Archaeological data derived from sites throughout London from 1220 CE to 1900 CE [29] augmented with new measurements from the Roman and early medieval periods, compared to measurements of a cross-bred red jungle fowl (RJF) [30] and six-week old modern broilers from South Africa (Cobb 500 breed, sex unknown) [31] and England (Ross 308 breed, males). A statistical analysis of the dataset is given in electronic supplementary material, table S1. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac584db266c073bb30175ba/t/5caa98f77817f75f41f25140/1554684154698/rsos180325f05.jpg Reversible blog - The broiler chicken as a signal of a human reconfigured biosphere Figure 5. Accelerating growth rate of broilers throughout the second half of the twentieth century. The tibiotarsus bone is used as a proxy for skeleton growth, N = 10. Records of tibiotarsus growth rates were obtained from broilers reared in 1964: New Hampshire/Barred Rock cross-breed, USA [32]; 1975: unspecified commercial broilers, Canada [33]; 1991: Vantress/Arbor Acre cross-breed, USA, males [34]; 1992: Cobb, Nigeria [35]; 2000: Ross, Brazil [36]; 2001: unspecified commercial broilers, Turkey [37]; 2002: Ross/Arbor Acre cross-breed, USA [38]; 2009: unspecified commercial broilers, USA [39]; 2012: Ross, Poland [40]. These are compared to the growth rate of the cross-bred red jungle fowl, UK [30]. A smoothing spline with a smoothing factor of 4.35 [41] fitted to the 1964 to 2012 data indicates an increase in the growth rate of broilers from 1964 to present. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac584db266c073bb30175ba/t/5caa981a53450a1c3dc5ff51/1554683940716/rsos180325f02.jpg Reversible blog - The broiler chicken as a signal of a human reconfigured biosphere Figure 2. Industrial broiler production and archaeological record of domestic chickens in the Old World. Colour key: grey: countries with industrial broiler production (vertical integration systems); white: countries with no industrial production, but chicken meat is consumed. Countries with vertical integration systems have been reported in the literature, or they produce large volumes of chicken meat (greater than 500 000 tonnes yr−1 from 2013 to 2014 [6]) https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac584db266c073bb30175ba/t/5caa98ada4222f438a0a7bcb/1554684082060/rsos180325f04.jpg Reversible blog - The broiler chicken as a signal of a human reconfigured biosphere Figure 4. Limb bones (femur, tibiotarsus, tarsometatarsus) of a modern broiler and a red jungle fowl. A juvenile broiler and red jungle fowl silhouette with limb bones are shown at proportionate size to each other for comparison. Broiler limb bones (left): male, five weeks of age and a Cobb, specimen R650, from the School of Archaeology and Ancient History, University of Leicester. Cross-bred red jungle fowl limb bones (right): male, six weeks of age and of modern breeding stock from an ancestral line, specimen NHMUK S/2009.1.11, from the Ashdown Collection, Natural History Museum, Tring. At slaughter age the over-sized but immature skeleton of the broiler is characteristically poorly ossified and relatively featureless. Image copyright of the Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London. Scale bar 20 mm. Source https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac584db266c073bb30175ba/t/5caa992253450a1c3dc60919/1554684200600/rsos180325f06.jpg Reversible blog - The broiler chicken as a signal of a human reconfigured biosphere Figure 6. Carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope values of chicken bone collagen. Symbols relate to chicken bone collagen analysed from different periods: green squares: Roman (N = 7); black triangles: Anglo-Saxon (N = 2); yellow squares: High Medieval (N = 4); blue crosses: Late Medieval (N = 18); red circles: modern (N = 161). The data illustrate a change in diet towards a greater contribution of C4 cereal grains, predominantly maize, since the 1950s, which has altered the isotope values in broiler chicken bone collagen. Data compiled from various published sources [42–44]. The results of a discriminant analysis show that the modern broiler isotope data is significantly different from the archaeological isotope data (electronic supplementary material, figure S3). https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ac584db266c073bb30175ba/t/5caa97b3adf6f0000169e2de/1554683835745/The_broiler_chicken_as_a_signal_of_a_human_reconfigured_biosphere___Royal_Society_Open_Science.png Reversible blog - The broiler chicken as a signal of a human reconfigured biosphere Figure 1. Global consumption of domesticated chicken, pig and cattle from 1961 to 2016. Chicken is the most common meat consumed, with a standing population in 2016 of over 22.7 billion. The number of chickens slaughtered per year is an order of magnitude larger than that of pigs or cattle. Data compiled from UN Food and Agriculture Organization, FAOSTAT, at faostat.fao.org, accessed November 2018. 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